NCLT Services in Patna | Company Law & Insolvency

Corporate litigation • Company law • Insolvency proceedings

NCLT Services in Patna & Bihar: Company Petitions, Restoration and Corporate Disputes

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) hears specified company-law and corporate-insolvency proceedings. Depending on the facts, these can include shareholder disputes, restoration of struck-off companies, schemes of arrangement, reduction of share capital and corporate insolvency matters. Bihar Tax Consultant accepts enquiries about document review, petition preparation and appropriate representation arrangements; the applicable forum, relief and professional engagement must be confirmed for each matter.

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Reference review: 1 October 2026. General information, not case-specific legal advice.

What is the NCLT and what does it decide?

The National Company Law Tribunal is a statutory adjudicatory body constituted under the Companies Act, 2013. It exercises jurisdiction assigned to it by the Companies Act, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), and other applicable legislation. The Tribunal is not the Registrar of Companies (ROC), a conventional civil court for every commercial dispute, or a universal debt-collection forum. Selecting the proper provision and identifying the actual relief are the first steps in preparing any NCLT matter.

For example, a member alleging oppressive conduct by those in control of a company may consider the statutory framework of Sections 241–242, subject to standing and procedural requirements. A company removed from the register may require an application or appeal under Section 252, depending on the circumstances. A financial creditor considering insolvency must examine the applicable IBC provisions, thresholds and admissibility conditions. These remedies cannot be chosen merely because the dispute concerns a company.

An NCLT petition normally requires an accurate factual chronology, a clearly identified cause of action, proper parties, statutory basis, jurisdiction, supporting records and a precisely framed prayer. The applicable NCLT Rules, forms, fee schedule, bench instructions and filing-portal requirements must be checked for the case type. A general drafting template cannot replace these case-specific decisions.

Our service page is intended for promoters, shareholders, directors, creditors, insolvency stakeholders and legal teams dealing with corporate disputes. For Bihar matters, geographical convenience does not itself determine jurisdiction: the company’s registered office, statutory provision, existing proceedings and the relevant bench allocation should be verified before filing.

Which NCLT remedy fits the corporate problem?

The following comparison is a route-identification aid, not a determination that any proposed petition is maintainable. Every route has separate standing, limitation, evidentiary and procedural rules.

Problem	Possible statutory route	Main screening question
Shareholder oppression or mismanagement	Companies Act, Sections 241–242; eligibility under Section 244, subject to any applicable waiver	Who may apply, and what conduct and relief can be proved?
Struck-off company restoration	Section 252, with the route depending on applicant and circumstances	Which order, date and statutory time limit apply?
Merger or arrangement	Sections 230–232, subject to applicable approvals and exemptions	Are meetings, disclosures and regulatory conditions addressed?
Share-capital reduction	Section 66 and applicable rules	Are creditor interests and statutory conditions met?
Rectification of members’ register	Section 59 where applicable	What register entry is disputed, and why?
Corporate insolvency	Relevant current provisions of IBC, including admission, resolution or liquidation matters as applicable	Is the applicant eligible and is the statutory gateway met?
Challenge to a Tribunal order	NCLAT under applicable appellate provisions	Is the order appealable, and when was it made/received?

Where should a Bihar company file its NCLT case?

The Tribunal’s official Kolkata Bench description identifies territorial jurisdiction over West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. That makes the Kolkata Bench an important starting point for many Bihar corporate matters. However, the particular statute, bench allocation, transfer order, nature of the proceeding and current registry directions must still be checked; a broad territorial description does not eliminate case-specific jurisdictional questions.

Jurisdiction is not determined simply by where a director lives, where the business has a warehouse or where an invoice was issued. The company’s registered office may matter in company-law proceedings, while the IBC has its own jurisdictional framework. Cross-border or multi-entity transactions may also involve more than one adjudicatory or regulatory authority. Identify the exact corporate debtor or company and review its MCA master data and relevant documents before choosing a registry.

NCLT and NCLAT are separate forums. NCLAT hears specified appeals from orders of the NCLT under the governing statute. It is not a second registry where an original restoration or oppression petition may be filed at will. Appealability, statutory periods, permitted grounds and other requirements differ between company-law and IBC cases. Any limitation analysis should use the relevant statutory provision and the actual dates rather than a generic appeal deadline.

For the practical filing stage, the official NCLT website provides cause lists, bench information, e-filing links, case history, orders and judgments, registry-defect notices and e-certified-copy services. Verify the latest cause list and applicable bench practice rather than relying solely on an older hearing schedule or a former physical-filing convention.

How are oppression and mismanagement disputes addressed?

Sections 241–242 of the Companies Act provide a statutory framework for specified member complaints about the conduct of company affairs. A petition must connect the facts to the statutory grounds and identify appropriate remedial orders. Merely alleging a breakdown of relations or dissatisfaction with a commercial decision is not a substitute for pleading material conduct, its effect and the statutory basis for intervention.

Eligibility is a threshold issue. Section 244 sets qualifying requirements for applications under Section 241, while the statute also contemplates waiver in appropriate circumstances. Review shareholding, membership numbers, paid-up capital and the relevant documents before choosing the applicants. The right to seek one type of relief should not be confused with a right to obtain every order sought.

Useful evidence may include the memorandum and articles, shareholder register, share allotment and transfer records, notices of meetings, minutes, financial statements, bank mandates, statutory filings, material correspondence, related-party transaction records and a dated account of the disputed acts. Each document should be linked to a pleaded fact. Allegations of diversion of assets, exclusion from management or invalid corporate actions should be presented only to the extent that the documentary record supports them.

The relief may require careful design. The Tribunal’s statutory powers are fact-sensitive and may include orders concerning governance and regulation of company affairs where the governing conditions are met. A petitioner should distinguish immediate preservation concerns from final relief and should not assume that the Tribunal will automatically grant every interim request. The respondent likewise needs a document-based defence and a clear explanation of the legal and factual objections.

When can a struck-off company seek restoration?

Section 252 provides statutory routes to challenge a striking-off order or seek restoration of a company, subject to the applicant category, the nature of the application and the applicable limitation period. The first question is therefore not merely “Can the company be reopened?” but who is applying, under which part of Section 252, and on what facts. A director, member, creditor or other affected person should not automatically assume that the same route and deadline apply to all applicants.

An application should examine the Registrar’s striking-off order, the date and grounds of removal, the company’s historical filing position, financial statements, tax and bank records, assets, liabilities, business transactions and the reason restoration is necessary. Depending on the relevant limb of Section 252, the applicant may need to establish that the company was carrying on business or was in operation at the relevant time, or that restoration is otherwise just under the statute.

Restoration is not an automatic amnesty for past defaults. If an order is obtained, follow-up requirements may include completing outstanding statutory filings, giving effect to the order at the ROC and complying with any express directions. Pending tax demands, contracts, litigation or creditor claims require separate attention. The application should not promise that every penalty, liability or business obstacle will disappear after restoration.

Where the company was struck off after applying for voluntary removal, or where there is a dispute over the striking-off process, the procedural route needs particular care. Before drafting, obtain the public registry record and relevant notices. If limitation appears to be in issue, calculate it against the exact statutory route and relevant order date, then assess any legally available response without assuming that delay will be excused.

What does the NCLT do in mergers and schemes of arrangement?

Sections 230–232 provide the framework for qualifying compromises, arrangements, mergers and amalgamations. A scheme involves more than drafting a commercial agreement: it may require meetings or dispensation orders, explanatory statements, statutory notices, disclosures, regulatory responses, valuation materials, creditor and member classification, accounting treatment and final sanction where applicable.

The transaction structure matters. A transfer of shares, sale of a business undertaking, merger by absorption and scheme involving creditors may have different legal, tax, accounting and regulatory consequences. Some qualifying transactions may follow alternative statutory procedures, so not every restructuring belongs to an identical NCLT route. We therefore treat scheme selection as a legal-structure question rather than presenting a single package as appropriate for every business combination.

The drafting team should reconcile the scheme with the memorandum and articles of the participating companies, board approvals, financial accounts, capital structure, secured-creditor information, pending proceedings, material contracts and the proposed appointed/effective dates. Inconsistencies between documents often lead to registry questions, stakeholder objections or later implementation problems. Appropriate expert inputs may be needed for valuation, accounting, taxation or competition-law questions.

After sanction, implementation may require ROC filing, changes to registers, allotments, transfer of specified assets or liabilities, contractual notices and further regulatory steps. Tribunal approval should not be described as replacing every filing, consent or sectoral permission. The page therefore separates the litigation stage from the later execution and compliance work.

What about capital reduction, member-register rectification and other company petitions?

Section 66 governs reduction of share capital subject to its statutory framework. The practical work involves understanding the proposed reduction, the company’s financial position, creditor implications, necessary special resolution and required Tribunal process. Where a company simply wants to change its ownership percentages, a lawful share transfer or fresh allotment may be the relevant transaction instead; capital reduction should not be used as a generic label for every change in shareholding.

Section 59 concerns rectification of the register of members in appropriate circumstances. The legal issue may involve an omitted entry, an entry made without sufficient cause, or another statutory basis for rectification. The petition should identify the precise disputed entry, the person affected, relevant share documents, board or transfer records and the proposed correction. Complex questions of title or fraud may require additional procedural analysis.

Other NCLT matters can arise under various Companies Act provisions, including certain deposit-related proceedings, winding-up matters within the relevant statutory framework, and applications consequent to company-law orders. The existence of NCLT jurisdiction for one section does not establish jurisdiction over every neighbouring dispute. The statutory text, applicable notifications and current procedural rules should be checked before stating that a case is maintainable.

For a respondent, procedural objections and merits should be analysed separately. A sound reply may address standing, jurisdiction, limitation, statutory compliance, disputed facts, documentary chronology and the proportionality of the requested relief. The objective is to present the actual record accurately, not to manufacture admissions, conceal material court directions or assert that a filing defect can never be cured.

How do corporate insolvency and liquidation matters differ?

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code creates a distinct regime for corporate insolvency, resolution and liquidation. Admission of a corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRP) is not synonymous with a money-recovery decree; the Code’s framework and consequences are different. Financial creditors, operational creditors and corporate applicants may have different statutory routes and evidentiary conditions. Current minimum-default thresholds and any applicable amendments must be checked at the date of proposed filing.

For a financial-creditor case, the character of the debt, evidence of default, applicable security and account records, relevant authorisations and current statutory requirements require review. Operational-creditor applications have their own notice, default and dispute questions. A routine unpaid invoice is not, by itself, proof that every IBC admission requirement is fulfilled. Likewise, the corporate applicant route should not be represented as automatic protection against creditors.

After admission, the matter operates through statutory roles and procedures that can involve the interim resolution professional or resolution professional, claims, creditors’ committee, information memorandum, resolution plans and judicial approvals as applicable. Liquidation may arise in circumstances defined by the Code, while voluntary liquidation follows a separate statutory framework for eligible corporate persons. Directors and business owners should not assume that ordinary strike-off under the Companies Act is a substitute for dealing with unpaid debts.

The IBC was amended in 2026 according to the official NCLT Acts and Rules index. That makes date-specific verification particularly important for this service. Before filing or publishing a statement of a precise threshold, period, right or transitional rule, check the enacted provisions, commencement notifications and applicable regulations. The same caution applies to appeals from insolvency orders: use the correct IBC appellate provision rather than importing a general Companies Act timeline.

What is the practical NCLT filing workflow?

Our eight-stage workflow starts with legal classification and ends with order implementation. The amount of work at each stage depends on the statutory route, volume of records, urgency, registry practice and contested issues. No timetable for obtaining relief can be guaranteed.

1. Classify the dispute: identify the company, applicant, respondent, proposed statutory provision, disputed acts, existing notices, prior proceedings and the precise relief being sought. Verify whether NCLT has jurisdiction over that relief.

2. Determine the correct bench and maintainability: examine registered-office details, case-specific jurisdiction, standing, limitation, notice prerequisites, preconditions for filing and any transfer or connected-case considerations.

3. Organise the evidence: obtain certificates, MCA master data, ROC orders, constitutional documents, board/shareholder records, bank and accounting information, correspondence, relevant contracts and the dated sequence of events.

4. Prepare the pleading: draft the petition or application, synopsis, list of dates, facts, statutory grounds, interim requests where justified, relief clauses, affidavit, vakalatnama or authorisation, index and properly marked annexures in the applicable format.

5. Review the filing package: check the current form and fee, electronic formatting, readable annexures, pagination, party details, service addresses, signatures, verification and any additional bench-specific instructions.

6. File and respond to scrutiny: use the current NCLT filing route, retain acknowledgments, examine any registry defects and correct them within the applicable time or seek appropriate directions if necessary.

7. Manage pleadings and hearings: track cause lists, directions, service, replies, rejoinders, interim orders, documentary production and hearing preparation. Keep each submission tied to the actual record.

8. Implement the order: obtain the operative order or authenticated copy as needed, diarise appeal or compliance dates, make required ROC or other filings, serve affected parties and address outstanding directions.

Which documents are commonly required for NCLT matters?

There is no single universal NCLT checklist. The documents for a restoration application differ from those for oppression, merger or insolvency. The practical baseline is proof of identity and authorisation for the applicant, clear corporate details, the relevant statutory event, a chronology and annexures that substantiate each material pleading.

Common corporate records include the certificate of incorporation, CIN, current MCA master data, memorandum and articles, register of members, share certificates or demat records, board and shareholder minutes, resolutions, financial statements and annual returns. Use certified or authenticated copies where the relevant procedural rules or adjudicatory directions require them.

For restoration, add the strike-off order, ROC notices, proof of business or operations if relevant, bank statements, tax filings, financial accounts, creditor and debtor details and an explanation of the requested relief. For shareholder litigation, add membership evidence, disputed allotments or transfers, governance records and contemporaneous correspondence. For scheme matters, add the proposed scheme, valuations and required stakeholder and regulatory documents.

For insolvency, the relevant debt instruments, defaults, demand notices, transaction records, authorisations and any evidence relating to pre-existing dispute or security must be matched to the applicant route. Documents should be dated, legible and internally consistent. A professionally formatted bundle helps the registry and the Bench, but neat formatting cannot cure missing substantive entitlement to the remedy.

How are NCLT fees, timelines and professional costs determined?

The government filing fee depends on the type of petition or application and the prescribed schedule under the applicable procedural rules. Additional costs may arise for copies, affidavits, notices, publications, expert reports, professional fees, compliance work or appeals. It would be misleading to quote one fixed government fee or one flat litigation price for all NCLT matters.

Timelines depend on statutory filing periods, the age and complexity of the dispute, scrutiny defects, service of parties, the need for interim relief, bench workload, regulatory reports, hearings and any appeal. A statutory target or prescribed limitation period is not the same as a promise of final disposal within that period. A case-specific timeline should be discussed only after reviewing the actual documents.

Where limitation is close, prioritise the relevant event date and governing provision. For an appeal, record the date of the impugned order and how and when the order was made available or received, as required by the governing law. For restoration or insolvency, identify the distinct trigger and applicant category. Never calculate every corporate matter from the same thirty-day assumption.

Before engagement, ask for a written scope setting out drafting, filing, representation, registry corrections, interim applications, additional hearings, travel, applicable taxes and post-order filings. This distinguishes professional service from court fees and makes it easier to plan the work realistically.

What mistakes should companies avoid before filing?

Choosing the wrong statutory route: a contractual payment dispute, shareholder oppression claim and insolvency application have distinct legal tests. Filing under a convenient heading cannot substitute for maintainability.

Ignoring standing: eligibility under Section 244, creditor status, authorisation and other locus requirements must be checked before presenting a petition.

Assuming restoration is guaranteed: the reasons for strike-off, applicant category, limitation and documentary position matter. A company should not promise restoration merely because past filings can be prepared.

Using outdated forms or rules: check the official NCLT filing platform, current bench notices, applicable Companies Act amendments and current IBC commencement provisions.

Conflating NCLT and NCLAT: an original company petition and an appeal against a Tribunal order belong to different processes, even if both are described colloquially as company litigation.

Missing parties or notices: the requirements may include directors, shareholders, creditors, regulators, the ROC or other affected persons depending on the statutory route. These decisions must be legally justified.

Overstating the evidence: plead what the available documents support. If a necessary record is missing, investigate it or explain its absence through an appropriate factual account.

Forgetting implementation: a favourable order may require ROC filings, notices, revised registers, further regulatory approvals or action by an insolvency professional. The process does not always end on the order date.

Illustrative Bihar makhana enterprise: which NCLT remedy might arise?

Fictional educational example; this is not a client matter or reported outcome. Two entrepreneurs in Bihar incorporate “Mithila Makhana Ventures Private Limited” to process and package makhana. They agree on shareholding, appoint directors, adopt constitutional documents and begin exploring international trade. Incorporation is only the start: business operations, food-related compliance, product standards, IEC and other export requirements must be examined separately under the rules applicable to their actual product and destination.

Assume the company later admits an additional investor. The investor claims that shares were allotted without the required corporate approvals and that access to statutory records has been denied. Those allegations do not automatically establish oppression or mismanagement. The first legal exercise is to review the actual membership, articles, notices, resolutions, allotment records, filings and available correspondence. Depending on the evidence and eligibility, Sections 241–242 or another company-law remedy may be considered.

Alternatively, suppose the enterprise stops operating and its name is later removed from the register. A person with a legally recognised interest wants to restore the company because it has unresolved assets and legitimate business reasons to continue. That presents a different Section 252 analysis: the identity of the applicant, statutory route, order date, filing history and supporting business evidence become central.

If the business instead becomes unable to pay debts, ordinary strike-off cannot simply be used to bypass creditors. Any insolvency option must be assessed under the then-current IBC framework. If the founders later want to combine the company with another enterprise, the possible merger route and any available statutory alternative must be evaluated separately. In every version, a legal remedy follows the facts rather than being chosen from a generic company-law menu.

NCLT सेवाएँ: बिहार के व्यवसायियों, निदेशकों और शेयरधारकों के लिए मार्गदर्शन

NCLT क्या है? National Company Law Tribunal एक वैधानिक अधिकरण है जो Companies Act, 2013 तथा Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code के अंतर्गत आने वाले निश्चित मामलों की सुनवाई करता है। किसी विवाद में कंपनी का नाम होना ही पर्याप्त नहीं है। सही धारा, उचित आवेदक, jurisdiction, limitation और मांगी गई राहत के आधार पर यह तय करना पड़ता है कि मामला NCLT में जाएगा या किसी अन्य मंच पर।

बिहार की कंपनी के लिए कौन-सी Bench महत्वपूर्ण है? NCLT की आधिकारिक Kolkata Bench जानकारी में बिहार, झारखंड, पश्चिम बंगाल और अंडमान एवं निकोबार को उसके क्षेत्राधिकार में बताया गया है। फिर भी filing से पहले वर्तमान bench allocation और संबंधित कानून की jurisdiction संबंधी शर्तें जाँचनी चाहिए। NCLAT अपील का अलग मंच है; उसे NCLT की original filing का विकल्प नहीं मानें।

Oppression और mismanagement क्या होते हैं? जब कंपनी के मामलों के संचालन को लेकर सदस्य Companies Act की Sections 241–242 के अंतर्गत वैधानिक शिकायत करते हैं, तब ये प्रावधान प्रासंगिक हो सकते हैं। Section 244 की eligibility भी देखनी होगी। हर व्यक्तिगत मतभेद या व्यापारिक असहमति अपने-आप इस तरह की याचिका नहीं बन जाती। Share register, board minutes, allotment records, correspondence और विवादित कार्रवाई के साक्ष्य जरूरी हो सकते हैं।

Strike-off हो चुकी कंपनी को कैसे restore करें? Section 252 में परिस्थितियों और आवेदक की श्रेणी के अनुसार अलग कानूनी रास्ते उपलब्ध हैं। ROC का आदेश, उसकी तारीख, कंपनी के कारोबार या संचालन से जुड़े रिकॉर्ड, bank statement, financial statements तथा restoration का आधार देखना जरूरी है। एक ही limitation period को सभी आवेदकों और सभी प्रकार की petitions पर लागू समझना गलत होगा।

क्या NCLT से merger कराया जा सकता है? Sections 230–232 के अंतर्गत लागू scheme of arrangement या merger के लिए आवश्यक approvals, meetings, disclosures, creditor/member information तथा अन्य वैधानिक शर्तों की जाँच की जाती है। कुछ qualifying transactions का अलग statutory route भी हो सकता है। Tribunal का आदेश मिलने के बाद भी ROC और दूसरे नियामकीय अनुपालन की जरूरत हो सकती है।

Share capital reduction और share transfer में क्या अंतर है? Section 66 के अंतर्गत capital reduction एक अलग corporate action है, जिसमें creditors और prescribed approvals का महत्व हो सकता है। साधारण shares की बिक्री या transfer को capital reduction नहीं कहा जा सकता। गलत प्रक्रिया चुनने से याचिका और filing दोनों प्रभावित हो सकते हैं।

IBC के मामले में NCLT की भूमिका क्या है? Corporate insolvency में financial creditor, operational creditor और corporate applicant के लिए अलग वैधानिक रास्ते हो सकते हैं। Debt, default, applicable threshold, notices और अन्य शर्तों का परीक्षण जरूरी है। Insolvency proceeding केवल सामान्य recovery suit नहीं है। 2026 के IBC amendments तथा उनके commencement का current position filing से पहले जाँचें।

Petition बनाने के लिए कौन-से कागजात चाहिए? Certificate of incorporation, CIN, MOA/AOA, board resolutions, shareholding details, financial statements, ROC filings, relevant notices और विवाद से संबंधित पत्राचार प्रारंभिक दस्तावेज हो सकते हैं। इसके बाद restoration, shareholder dispute, merger या insolvency की प्रकृति के अनुसार विशेष annexures तय किए जाते हैं। केवल documents का बड़ा bundle पर्याप्त नहीं; प्रत्येक जरूरी तथ्य से उसका स्पष्ट संबंध होना चाहिए।

क्या filing के बाद case अपने-आप स्वीकार हो जाता है? नहीं। Registry scrutiny, defects, service और maintainability जैसे मुद्दे आ सकते हैं। Filing acknowledgement और judicial admission अलग बातें हैं। Cause list, registry directions और orders की नियमित जाँच करना आवश्यक है।

क्या समय और फीस तय होती है? Court fee मामले के प्रकार और लागू schedule पर निर्भर करती है। Professional charges, notice, publication, expert work और आगे के hearings अलग हो सकते हैं। अंतिम आदेश की तारीख की guarantee नहीं दी जा सकती। Limitation और filing deadlines को अलग-अलग statutory provisions के अनुसार समझना चाहिए।

पटना और बिहार में सहायता कैसे लें? Bihar Tax Consultant के कार्यालय से संपर्क कर पहले case papers और मुख्य तारीखों की सूची तैयार करें। उसके बाद उपयुक्त कानूनी रास्ते, दस्तावेज, drafting, filing और representation का scope निश्चित किया जा सकता है। किसी पेशेवर को चुनने का online विकल्प केवल preference दिखाता है; उससे appointment या availability की पुष्टि नहीं होती।

What can Bihar Tax Consultant coordinate for an NCLT enquiry?

An initial discussion can help identify the company, parties, statutory event, existing order or notice, proposed relief and immediate deadlines. Subject to agreed engagement and appropriate professional responsibility, work may include document organisation, factual chronology, legal research, drafting support, petition or reply preparation, annexure management, filing coordination and hearings or related representation arrangements.

The scope should be tailored to the matter. A director responding to a restoration petition needs a different strategy from a member seeking governance relief or a creditor examining insolvency. Where specialised valuation, financial reconstruction, company-secretarial certification, insolvency-professional work or tax analysis is necessary, the relevant professional responsibilities should be identified rather than assumed to be covered by a general legal-service enquiry.

No statement on this page guarantees filing acceptance, interim protection, restoration, admission of insolvency, approval of a scheme or success on appeal. Advice can only follow review of the actual record and applicable law. For coordination, contact the Patna office using the telephone number below.

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News & learning: free Tax Consultant Course

Advocate Tabish Ahmad, Founder of Bihar Tax Consultant, introduces a free Tax Consultant Course for lawyers who have recently passed LL.B. Interested readers should contact the office to confirm the scope, format, schedule and enrolment arrangements. This announcement does not represent accreditation, a certificate, a job guarantee or authority to perform any work reserved by law.

Bihar Tax Consultant के Founder, Advocate Tabish Ahmad, हाल ही में LL.B. पास करने वाले lawyers के लिए निःशुल्क Tax Consultant Course की जानकारी देते हैं। Course का format, विषय, schedule और enrolment संबंधी जानकारी कार्यालय से पुष्टि करें। इससे किसी नौकरी, आय, प्रमाणन या नियामकीय पात्रता की गारंटी नहीं दी जाती।

NCLT FAQs / अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न

What types of matters can be filed before NCLT?

NCLT hears specified company-law and corporate-insolvency matters, including eligible oppression and mismanagement petitions, restoration applications, schemes and IBC proceedings. The statutory route and jurisdiction must be checked.

Does NCLT have jurisdiction over Bihar companies?

The official Kolkata Bench description includes Bihar in its territorial jurisdiction. The correct bench must still be verified against the particular statute, company and current allocation.

Can a struck-off private company be restored?

Section 252 provides different statutory routes depending on the applicant and circumstances. Limitation, strike-off records and supporting facts must be reviewed before filing.

What is an oppression and mismanagement petition?

It is a qualifying member application under Sections 241–242 of the Companies Act, subject to statutory grounds and Section 244 eligibility or an applicable waiver.

Can a director alone file a Section 241 petition?

Eligibility is not established merely by holding office as a director. Membership and Section 244 requirements, or another legally available route, must be examined.

Can NCLT approve a merger?

Sections 230–232 cover applicable schemes, mergers and amalgamations. The necessary meetings, disclosures, regulatory steps and any alternative statutory route depend on the transaction.

Is NCLT a debt-recovery court?

No. The IBC is a separate corporate-insolvency framework with distinct statutory gateways; not every unpaid invoice qualifies for an insolvency application.

What is the difference between NCLT and NCLAT?

NCLT is the original adjudicating Tribunal for specified proceedings. NCLAT hears applicable appeals under the governing legislation and prescribed conditions.

What documents are needed for an NCLT petition?

Documents vary by remedy but may include incorporation records, constitutional documents, corporate authorisations, minutes, financial statements, relevant orders and evidence supporting each pleaded fact.

Can an NCLT order be appealed?

Some orders are appealable under the relevant Companies Act or IBC provisions. Appealability, limitation and other conditions must be checked against the actual order.

How much does an NCLT case cost?

Government filing fees depend on the petition or application. Professional fees and costs for service, publications, experts, hearings or appeals depend on the agreed scope.

Does electronic filing guarantee that the case is admitted?

No. Registry filing and scrutiny are separate from judicial admission. Defects, service, maintainability and the Tribunal’s directions must be addressed.

NCLT में कौन-कौन से मामले जाते हैं?

कानून के अनुसार योग्य company disputes, restoration, merger schemes और corporate insolvency जैसे मामले NCLT में आ सकते हैं। सही धारा और jurisdiction देखना जरूरी है।

बिहार की कंपनी का NCLT मामला कहाँ जाएगा?

आधिकारिक Kolkata Bench विवरण में बिहार शामिल है। फिर भी मामले के अनुसार वर्तमान bench allocation और jurisdiction की पुष्टि करें।

Strike-off कंपनी restore हो सकती है?

Section 252 में परिस्थितियों और applicant के अनुसार अलग रास्ते हैं। आदेश, तारीख और दस्तावेज देखकर ही application तैयार करें।

Oppression और mismanagement petition क्या है?

Sections 241–242 के तहत वैधानिक आधार वाली member petition है। Section 244 की eligibility या लागू waiver की जाँच आवश्यक है।

क्या केवल director होने से Section 241 petition कर सकते हैं?

नहीं। केवल designation पर्याप्त नहीं; सदस्यता और statutory eligibility या अन्य उपलब्ध remedy की जाँच करनी होगी।

Merger के लिए क्या NCLT की अनुमति चाहिए?

लागू scheme के लिए Sections 230–232 relevant हो सकते हैं। Transaction के अनुसार meetings, disclosures और वैकल्पिक प्रक्रिया देखी जाएगी।

क्या NCLT सामान्य पैसा वसूली अदालत है?

नहीं। IBC में insolvency शुरू करने की अलग वैधानिक शर्तें हैं। हर बकाया invoice insolvency petition का पर्याप्त आधार नहीं होता।

NCLT और NCLAT में क्या अंतर है?

NCLT निर्धारित मामलों की मूल सुनवाई करता है; NCLAT संबंधित कानून के अनुसार अपील सुनता है।

NCLT petition के लिए दस्तावेज कौन-से हैं?

Case के अनुसार incorporation records, MOA/AOA, resolutions, minutes, financial records, orders और आरोपों से जुड़े साक्ष्य लग सकते हैं।

क्या NCLT के आदेश के खिलाफ appeal होगी?

लागू कानून के अंतर्गत कुछ आदेश appealable होते हैं। समय-सीमा और शर्तें वास्तविक order देखकर जाँचें।

NCLT मामले की फीस कितनी है?

सरकारी fee application के प्रकार पर निर्भर करती है। Professional और दूसरे खर्च तय scope के अनुसार अलग होंगे।

E-filing करने से petition admit हो जाती है?

नहीं। Registry scrutiny, defects और judicial admission अलग चरण हैं। Tribunal के निर्देशों का पालन जरूरी है।

Official sources and related services

Official reference material reviewed on 1 October 2026. Verify amendments, commencement notifications and bench-specific directions at filing time.

Related services

Other confirmed live service URLs should be added after the site inventory is checked. For now, use the Bihar Tax Consultant home page to enquire about company registration, director changes, company restoration, corporate compliance and tax litigation.

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